What Information Do You Need?
Locate these details on the book's title page and copyright page (usually the reverse of the title page):
- Author(s) or editor(s): full name as printed on the title page
- Book title and subtitle: exactly as printed (including subtitle after the colon)
- Edition: if not the first edition, note the edition number
- Publisher: publisher name (APA 7th no longer requires publisher location)
- Year of publication: copyright year on the copyright page
- DOI or URL: for e-books — include if available
- Page range: only needed if citing a specific chapter (for some styles)
Publisher location: APA 7th (2020) removed the requirement for publisher city. However, Chicago, Harvard, MLA, and Turabian still require the city of publication. Always include it unless you are writing in APA.
APA 7th Edition — Books
Single author
Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. Pantheon Books.
Edited book
Brown, A. B., & Wilson, C. D. (Eds.). (2022). Handbook of organizational leadership research (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Chapter in edited book
Nguyen, T. H. (2022). Servant leadership in higher education administration. In A. B. Brown & C. D. Wilson (Eds.), Handbook of organizational leadership research (3rd ed., pp. 145–178). Routledge.
E-book with DOI
Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. Pantheon Books. https://doi.org/10.7551/orientalism.1978.001.0001
In-text — APA
(Said, 1978, p. 145) or Said (1978) argues that…
IEEE — Books
Single or multiple authors
[1] E. W. Said, Orientalism. New York, NY, USA: Pantheon Books, 1978.
[2] J. W. Creswell and J. D. Creswell, Research Design, 6th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: SAGE, 2022.
Chapter in edited book
[3] T. H. Nguyen, "Servant leadership in higher education administration," in Handbook of Organizational Leadership Research, 3rd ed., A. B. Brown and C. D. Wilson, Eds. London, UK: Routledge, 2022, pp. 145–178.
IEEE publisher location: IEEE still requires the publisher city and country/state — unlike APA 7th. Use the two-letter state code for US cities: "Cambridge, MA, USA" not just "MIT Press."
Harvard — Books
Single author
Said, E.W. (1978) Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books.
Edited book
Brown, A.B. and Wilson, C.D. (eds.) (2022) Handbook of organizational leadership research. 3rd edn. London: Routledge.
Chapter in edited book
Nguyen, T.H. (2022) 'Servant leadership in higher education administration', in Brown, A.B. and Wilson, C.D. (eds.) Handbook of organizational leadership research. 3rd edn. London: Routledge, pp. 145–178.
In-text — Harvard
(Said, 1978, p. 145)
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Vancouver — Books
Single or multiple authors
1. Polit DF, Beck CT. Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; 2022.
2. Creswell JW, Creswell JD. Research Design. Thousand Oaks (CA): SAGE; 2022.
Chapter in edited book
3. Roberts LN, Patel H. Servant leadership in healthcare administration. In: Thompson AR, Singh R, editors. Handbook of Organizational Leadership Research. 4th ed. Oxford: Routledge; 2021. p. 344-61.
Chicago Notes-Bibliography — Books
Footnote
¹ Edward W. Said, Orientalism (New York: Pantheon Books, 1978), 145.
² Thi H. Nguyen, "Servant Leadership in Higher Education Administration," in Handbook of Organizational Leadership Research, ed. Anna B. Brown and Carl D. Wilson (London: Routledge, 2022), 148.
Bibliography
Said, Edward W. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.
Nguyen, Thi H. "Servant Leadership in Higher Education Administration." In Handbook of Organizational Leadership Research, edited by Anna B. Brown and Carl D. Wilson, 145–178. London: Routledge, 2022.
MLA 9th Edition — Books
Single author
Said, Edward W. Orientalism. Pantheon Books, 1978.
Chapter in edited book
Nguyen, Thi H. "Servant Leadership in Higher Education Administration." Handbook of Organizational Leadership Research, edited by Anna B. Brown and Carl D. Wilson, 3rd ed., Routledge, 2022, pp. 145–78.
In-text — MLA
(Said 145)
E-books and Online Books
If you read a book in a digital format, cite it the same as a print book. Add a DOI or URL if the e-book is freely available online. For books accessed through library platforms like ProQuest Ebook Central or EBSCO, use the publisher DOI or book URL — not the platform-specific URL.
APA — e-book with URL
Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. Pantheon Books. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Orientalism
Translated Books
APA
Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children (M. Cook, Trans.). W. W. Norton. (Original work published 1936)
Chicago NB — footnote
³ Jean Piaget, The Origins of Intelligence in Children, trans. Margaret Cook (New York: Norton, 1952), 45.
Quick Comparison — Book Citation Elements
| Element | APA 7th | IEEE | Harvard | Chicago | MLA |
|---|
| Publisher location | Not required | City, Country | City | City: Publisher | Not required |
| Edition | (3rd ed.) | 3rd ed. | 3rd edn. | 3rd edn | 3rd ed. |
| Author format | Last, I. | I. Last | Last, I. | First Last | Last, First |
| Book title | Italics | Italics | Italics | Italics | Italics |
Common Mistakes
- Citing the wrong year: use the copyright year from the copyright page, not a reprint date
- Omitting the edition for non-first editions: always include the edition number if it is not the first
- Including publisher city in APA 7th: APA no longer requires it — remove it if you are using APA
- Forgetting publisher city in all other styles: Chicago, Harvard, MLA, IEEE all require the publisher city
- Confusing "editor" and "author": for an edited book, use (Ed.) or (Eds.) after the name; for a chapter, the chapter author is listed first, then the editor in the "In:" clause